How can non-U.S. citizens obtain a Social Security Number?

If you are not a U.S. citizen and wish to work in the United States, you will need a Social Security Number (SSN) to work in the U.S. Below is information about eligibility for obtaining a Social Security number and how to get a Social Security card for foreign workers.

What is a Social Security Number?

A Social Security Number is a nine-digit identification number assigned to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and non-immigrant workers. A Social Security number is required for working in the United States, collecting Social Security benefits, and eligibility for other social services.

There are three different types of Social Security cards:

1. The most common type of Social Security card contains the person’s name and Social Security number. This type is usually issued to U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents.
2. The second type is designated for temporary workers or those with non-immigrant status. It is valid for work “with authorization from the Department of Homeland Security” and can be used to meet I-9 eligibility requirements.
3. The last type is issued solely for tax purposes and cannot be used with the I-9 form or for employment.

Note: The I-9 form is a government form used to verify an employee’s eligibility to work in the United States.

Eligibility for a Social Security Number

Temporary workers and those on non-immigrant visas who are authorized to work in the U.S. under a Department of Homeland Security (DHS) ruling can obtain a Social Security Number (SSN).

Social Security numbers are used to report wages to the government and determine an individual’s eligibility for Social Security benefits. A Social Security number is required for employment and collecting Social Security benefits.

Only non-citizens authorized to work in the United States are eligible for a Social Security number.

Note: Individuals holding a non-work-based temporary visa are not allowed to apply for a Social Security number.

How to Obtain a Social Security Number

There are two ways you can obtain a Social Security number and Social Security card:

1. If you are 18 years old or older, you can apply for a Social Security number in your country when applying for an immigrant visa with the U.S. Department of State. The U.S. government will use the same information you provide to apply for the immigrant visa to apply for a Social Security number.
2. If you are not an immigrant or did not apply for a Social Security number when applying for an immigrant visa, you must bring your application and approval notices that show your legal immigration status and approved work authorization in the United States. You will then need to apply for a Social Security number and Social Security card by visiting a Social Security office in the United States.

The Social Security Administration recommends that you wait ten days after arriving in the country to “facilitate the online verification of Homeland Security documents, which will expedite your Social Security number application.” Applying for a Social Security number is free.

Information Required to Obtain a Social Security Card

Application for a Social Security card (Form SS-5), two original documents proving your identity and immigration status, and eligibility to work and your age.

Regarding the documents, for example, a work permit can be used as proof of both your identity and your authorized immigration status to work. Some other acceptable documents to prove your eligibility to work may include an immigrant visa, employment-based entry stamp, I-94 arrival/departure record, and any work permits or employment authorization documents (EAD).

Note: Your birth certificate or passport may serve as proof of your age. However, you need two separate documents to prove your eligibility for a Social Security number.

Document

Additional Requirements for International Students and Foreign Exchange Visitors

International students or foreign exchange visitors (J-1, J-2, F/M-1) can work on a part-time basis and must provide additional documentation to prove their status. For J visas, a DS-2019 certificate is required to establish eligibility for exchange visitor status.

For international students, the latest I-20 certificate is required to establish eligibility for non-immigrant student status.

Note: Obtaining a Social Security card requires original documents. Photocopies and certified copies will be rejected.

The information in this article is not legal advice and does not substitute for such advice. State and federal laws change frequently and may not reflect your state’s laws or the latest changes in the law.

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Sources:

• Social Security Administration. “Social Security Number and Card.” Accessed June 2, 2021.
• Social Security Administration. “Types of Social Security Cards.” Accessed June 2, 2021.
• Social Security Administration. “Social Security Numbers and Immigrant Visas.” Accessed June 2, 2021.
• Social Security Administration. “Social Security Numbers for Noncitizens.” Accessed June 2, 2021.
• Social Security Administration. “Foreign Workers and Social Security Numbers.” Accessed June 2, 2021.
• Social Security Administration. “International Students and Social Security Numbers.” Accessed June 2, 2021.

Source: https://www.thebalancemoney.com/how-to-get-a-social-security-number-for-non-us-citizens-2064264

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