Definition and Examples of an Endowment
An endowment consists of all the donations and funds received by a nonprofit organization specifically to generate investment income. Organizations utilize their investments for their benefit. Endowments are primarily used by large institutions such as universities, colleges, and healthcare organizations. However, they can also be utilized by religious institutions, museums, libraries, and other nonprofit organizations.
How Does an Endowment Work?
Nonprofit organizations like universities and hospitals use endowments to establish assets for the future. Endowments can signal to the community that the organization is stable and will receive financial support for a long time.
Types of Endowments
Advantages of Endowment
Provides a permanent source of funding
Helps the organization innovate and grow
Signals to the community that the organization is robust and well-established
Gives donors a way to leave a lasting legacy
Disadvantages of Endowments
Limits the organization from using the principal balance
The endowment loses its real value over time
Requires time and money to manage the endowment
Endowments can face criticism
Endowments by University
Some of the largest endowments in the United States are held by universities and colleges
Here is an overview of the top 10 universities in the United States by endowment size, according to U.S. News & World Report:
- Harvard University: $40.9 billion
- Yale University: $30.2 billion
- Stanford University: $27.7 billion
- Princeton University: $25.6 billion
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): $17.4 billion
- University of Pennsylvania: $14.7 billion
- Texas A&M University: $12.6 billion
- University of Michigan – Ann Arbor: $12.3 billion
- University of Notre Dame: $11.6 billion
- Columbia University: $11.0 billion
Summary
An endowment is the donations and funds that a nonprofit organization receives to generate investment income. Most endowments are used by large institutions such as universities, colleges, and health organizations. However, they can also be used by religious institutions, museums, libraries, and other nonprofit organizations. Endowments are typically established in the form of a trust, private foundation, or public charity.
Sources
- U.S. News & World Report. “10 Universities With the Biggest Endowments.” Accessed Sept. 15, 2021.
- National Council of Nonprofits. “Endowments.” Accessed Sept. 15, 2021.
- Internal Revenue Service. “IRS Exempt Organizations.” Page 46. Accessed Sept. 15, 2021.
Source: https://www.thebalancemoney.com/what-is-an-endowment-5201451
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