The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of training healthcare workers around the world, especially in resource-limited settings. Despite collective training efforts targeting doctors and public health staff, nurses and general healthcare providers in these environments remain central to the treatment process, yet they often lack adequate training. In the context of these challenges, an online open course (MOOC) was developed to train healthcare personnel in these areas on managing COVID-19 patients. This article aims to review the development, implementation, and analysis process of this course, demonstrating how educational platforms can be utilized to meet the training needs of healthcare workers during global health crises. We will discuss the importance of this initiative, its outcomes, and its potential impact on improving the quality of healthcare in resource-limited settings.
The Evolution of Education in Healthcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the urgent need for training and skill development among healthcare workers (HCWs) globally. These circumstances led to the development of massive open online courses (MOOCs), which helped equip professionals with the necessary knowledge to manage patients infected with the coronavirus. These courses targeted beginner practitioners such as nurses and general practitioners, who often lack sufficient training and care in handling critical cases. Video lectures served as interactive modules that highlighted essential guidelines for managing patients, which was crucial in the context of this health crisis.
Development of an Online Open Course for Healthcare Staff
At the onset of the pandemic, a multidisciplinary team of emergency medicine experts and instructional designers was formed to prepare a four-hour educational course. This course was divided into six sequential learning modules, covering a range of topics related to the assessment and treatment of COVID-19 patients. The course was based on the principles of self-directed learning, allowing participants to identify their interests and educational goals. The course design employed productive and innovative educational techniques aimed at maximizing learner comprehension, tailored to the conditions and resources available in low- and middle-income countries.
Analysis of Course Outcomes and Learner Experience
In a short time, the program attracted over 30,000 students, with more than 7,000 of them completing the course. Knowledge test results showed a clear improvement among participants, as their confidence in handling COVID-19 cases increased. The compiled data showed notable results, with the majority of participants achieving significant recognition of the core essential skills needed to tackle the pandemic. Most of the course videos were short and translated, which helped learners maintain a high level of attention and understanding.
The Importance of Continuous Training in Critical Times
The course emphasizes the importance of finding effective ways to train healthcare workers, especially in developing countries and remote areas. Global health crises require immediate responses from health systems, necessitating the need for ongoing and skilled training for workers. Research has shown that enhancing workers’ skills can reduce mortality rates. Therefore, these courses have been a key part of the international community’s response to the pandemic, successfully transcending the borders of many countries to provide the necessary knowledge.
The Impact of MOOCs on Medical Education in Emerging Regions
MOOCs are considered an innovative means to expand access to life-saving medical information and open horizons for learners in low-income areas. By providing medical education freely and easily, opportunities for education and skill enhancement for medical professionals increase. The combination of modern educational techniques and expert-validated content has helped combat misinformation and improve the level of education and healthcare in those regions. These initiatives have led to heightened awareness and increased understanding among workers on how to handle COVID-19 cases.
Introduction
About the Study of Learner Participation in Online Training Courses
This study presents details on how Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) affect learners’ knowledge and self-confidence in the healthcare field during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The study was conducted at Stanford University, focusing on a diverse group of healthcare practitioners including doctors, nurses, and others. The results indicate the value of these courses in raising health awareness and knowledge during critical times. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of these courses as educational tools to enhance healthcare providers’ skills and ensure their knowledge of patient conditions, ultimately reflecting on the quality of care provided.
Details about Participants and Their Professional Categories
30,859 learners registered between July 17 and September 24, 2020, with 18,818 of them starting the course. Female participants made up 55% of the registrants, and participants’ ages were widely distributed with the majority being under 40 years old. Doctors and other medical professions represented a significant percentage of the participants, with 33% being non-physician healthcare providers. The study also found that the geographic distribution of participants showed a balance between learners from high and middle-income countries, with a noticeable increase in the proportion of learners from North America and South Asia. This geographic distribution reflects the importance of access to online knowledge for all segments of the health community, enhancing learners’ ability to adapt to work demands in challenging conditions.
Results of Learners’ Knowledge Achievement
The course results showed a significant improvement in knowledge levels after completing the program, with learners achieving an average correct score of 52% on pre-course assessments, and 74% on post-course assessments. They also achieved a score of 78% on the final exam. The results indicated that learning skills did not improve equally across all categories, with indications of greater improvement among participants from low and middle-income countries compared to their peers from high-income countries. In other words, professional background not only affected knowledge outcomes but the country’s income level also had an impact on learners’ learning. This underscores the importance of developing educational programs that cater to the needs of each participant group.
Factors Affecting Course Completion
When conducting multivariate analyses, it was found that participants from low and middle-income countries were more likely to complete the course compared to individuals from high-income countries. The study showed variations in course completion rates among doctors, nurses, and students, with the lowest completion rates found among other healthcare providers and those not working in the health sector. By age group, it was clear that female participants and individuals aged 40 to 59 were less likely to complete the course compared to younger individuals. Thus, the results indicate the importance of understanding demographic factors in designing educational programs and ensuring inclusive access for everyone.
Assessment of Learner Satisfaction and Experiences Post-Course
After completing the course, learners exhibited a significant improvement in their confidence levels in providing care for COVID-19 patients, along with an enhanced assessment of their training adequacy and the amount of information available to them about the disease. 92.5% of the learners expressed willingness to recommend the course to their colleagues, highlighting the added value of this type of self-directed learning. Surveys also indicated that participants found the course highly relevant to their context, as it provided them with the necessary new knowledge to tackle the challenges associated with the pandemic. Such testimonials underscore the positive impact of interactive courses in shaping their effectiveness as an educational resource.
Conclusions
Lessons Learned from the Study
The results derived from this study indicate that online educational courses can be highly effective in improving the knowledge and skills of healthcare providers worldwide, especially during times of crises. These results also reflect the necessity of timely education during health crises, as it contributes to improving patient outcomes and enhancing the readiness of the healthcare workforce. The experiences encountered during the training courses throughout the global health crisis illustrate the challenges and opportunities associated with sustainably and positively educating health practitioners. Therefore, it is important for such initiatives to continue and to foster supportive environments that enhance the learning and teaching process in the health field.
The Impact of E-Learning on Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the world witnessed an increased importance of e-learning, specifically massive open online courses (MOOCs) for educating healthcare providers. These courses were characterized by their design, which took into account the unique circumstances experienced during the pandemic, where workers in this field had an urgent need for information. These educational platforms provided opportunities for anyone, including non-medical workers, to access the essential knowledge and clinical training. With the growing demand for medical education amid crises, the open education model became an attractive option, resulting in high completion rates and significant engagement with the educational content.
The courses featured educational strategies specifically designed for the rare and available times of healthcare providers, with content divided into short units that could be completed in less than 15 minutes. This approach resonated well, as it helped workers obtain information quickly and effectively. The course was also offered at no cost, facilitating access for a broader range of healthcare providers in low- and middle-income countries.
Challenges Associated with Knowledge Transfer During Times of Crisis
Despite the success of e-learning programs in providing education to healthcare providers, they were not without challenges. During the pandemic, workers faced issues related to the vast amount of information and misinformation that could negatively affect how they assimilated new medical facts. During that period, there were sometimes conflicting recommendations, making it difficult to produce acceptable and accurate educational materials.
Furthermore, even when the materials were updated, there were concerns about the sustainability of learners’ engagement with course content after the program concluded. Studies have shown that the knowledge of healthcare providers can quickly diminish unless they are periodically updated with new information. Therefore, it is essential to think about how to maintain healthcare providers’ engagement in these courses and support them in updating their knowledge.
Future Strategies for Health Education During Crises
In order to better address future health crises, there needs to be a comprehensive and coordinated global response that enhances education on infection prevention and health crisis management. MOOCs can play a significant role in this area by providing quick, standardized, and accessible knowledge for all. By offering courses in multiple languages, it is possible to reach a larger audience and increase enrollment rates, making it easier for healthcare providers in low-income countries to engage in the learning process.
Additionally, it is crucial to conduct more research to understand how to improve patient-directed clinical outcomes through training via MOOCs. We should aim to enhance and update curricula to keep pace with developments and be flexible in how education is provided, whether online or through in-person educational programs, to ensure maximum benefit from health education courses in the future.
Conclusions
Learning and Interaction During the Pandemic
The results obtained from the training courses indicate a significant improvement in the level of knowledge and ability to handle COVID-19 related cases. Participants from all categories, whether they were doctors or non-medical workers, managed to improve their knowledge with remarkable rates. This indicates the benefit of e-learning as a powerful tool to enhance skills and familiarity with essential knowledge in times of health crises.
Continuous experiences with MOOCs may also contribute to shaping how health education systems worldwide respond when facing pandemics. Strengthening partnerships with higher education institutions and public health organizations can facilitate the acceleration of course development processes and enhance the level of education and care provided during crises. By continuing to evaluate the effectiveness of these educational patterns, the most suitable strategies can be identified to achieve better outcomes in healthcare training during critical times.
Urgent Need for Continuous Communication and Expansion of Health Education
The data indicates the importance of organized and sustainable operation of health education courses. The current global situation requires continuous recovery and development of educational resources, and efforts should focus on maintaining continuous communication with healthcare workers to ensure the latest information and care practices. Expanding these courses to include rural and remote areas can have a significant impact on improving healthcare in the most needy communities.
Experiences show that access to health education through MOOCs can help equip healthcare providers to face the challenges they may encounter, requiring concerted and continually updated efforts. Therefore, intellectual and financial barriers should be removed, and learning opportunities should be provided for all to ensure a unified and equitable health experience for all individuals regardless of their locations or backgrounds.
Improving Healthcare Provider Practices in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Healthcare provider practices are one of the key elements that determine the quality of healthcare provided in any health system, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The complex health environment in these countries requires continuous improvement to ensure effective and reliable healthcare services. Innovations in educational strategies and medical practices are a key focus to achieve this goal. The necessity of enhancing healthcare provider skills has redirected efforts towards implementing comprehensive training programs that fit the needs of local communities.
When considering educational strategies, e-learning, including Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), is a powerful means of enhancing healthcare provider practices. These platforms allow health professionals to learn at their own pace and in their own time. For example, MOOCs were effectively used during the COVID-19 pandemic to train caregivers on new strategies in response to the pandemic. By providing updated educational materials, healthcare providers were able to acquire the necessary knowledge to implement new protocols, leading to improved patient outcomes.
Research shows that the application of online training programs contributed to raising awareness and tracking research to identify and locate healthcare responses, as well as increasing the effectiveness of training strategies. By applying modern technologies such as interactive learning, the engagement of trainees has been increased, facilitating the learning process and contributing to acquiring the necessary skills to handle health emergencies.
Health Education and the Importance of E-Learning
Health education is a form of education that focuses on improving public health by providing the necessary knowledge and skills. In crowded and deprived health contexts, e-learning has the potential to expand access, especially in remote areas that lack the necessary human resources. Challenges related to access to education are being overcome through the application of electronic platforms that offer flexible and suitable content.
As the conversation continues…
The number of properly trained medical teams to handle health challenges has increased, with greater benefits for health systems and individuals. For instance, in epidemic situations such as COVID-19, where the demand for healthcare workers surges unexpectedly, e-learning plays a vital role in accelerating the knowledge transfer process. Instead of relying on traditional training, which can be time-consuming and often costly, healthcare workers can access online study materials and quickly apply what they have learned.
Studies indicate that e-learning can have positive impacts on individuals and communities, in terms of enhancing health awareness, reducing mortality rates, and improving the quality of care. These systems work to bridge the gap between education and practice, directly influencing citizens’ health.
Combating Misinformation During Health Crises
During health crises like the COVID-19 outbreak, one of the biggest challenges lies in how to deal with misinformation. Rumors spread faster than the virus itself, impeding community responses and fueling more fear and confusion. Therefore, health systems must be prepared to confront this misinformation by providing reliable and accessible resources.
Social media and traditional media play a dual role in these processes. On one hand, they facilitate the spread of accurate information; on the other hand, they can contribute to the dissemination of rumors. It is essential to devise well-thought-out strategies to ensure the proper information is conveyed and to clarify the facts. For example, organizations like the World Health Organization have adopted communication strategies that include fact-checking, providing accurate information, and working to correct rumors.
Additionally, studies show that using e-learning platforms to enhance healthcare providers’ ability to deal with the flow of misinformation is vital. Through training on how to identify accurate information, providers become more capable of guiding and educating their patients about essential resources. The power of knowledge can serve as an effective line of defense against health crises.
Challenges and Skill Building in Pandemic Response
Pandemics like COVID-19 are a stringent test of health systems’ capabilities worldwide, but the impact is more pronounced in low- and middle-income countries. These systems face numerous challenges, including a lack of resources, staffing shortages, and a need for skill development. Pandemic responses must be driven by a comprehensive vision to develop strong and resilient health systems.
Skill building reflects a health system’s capacity to respond to emergencies. Enhancing education and training for healthcare providers is a challenge in itself, but it is essential to invest in capacity building. For instance, training can include study tours, workshops, and simulation models related to health crisis scenarios. By enhancing providers’ skills, health system returns can be significantly improved.
Furthermore, collaboration between educational and professional institutions should be strengthened to achieve desired outcomes. Through joint strategies, partnerships can be established to provide better training, which is critical in addressing the health issues facing communities. For example, a joint response from governmental and non-governmental bodies can create a comprehensive landscape and turn challenges into opportunities for growth and adaptation.
The Importance of Training Healthcare Workers During Global Health Crises
Global health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic present a true test for health systems worldwide. These crises require quick and effective responses from healthcare workers, highlighting the necessity for continuous and sustainable training. As the world enters pandemic mode, healthcare workers must possess the knowledge and skills required to manage critically ill patients. Numerous pioneering educational programs in patient care have emerged at local, national, and global levels, demonstrating the urgent need for integrated training for workers.
On
For example, at the beginning of 2020, open educational programs related to the COVID-19 pandemic were launched to teach how to care for patients requiring advanced respiratory support. However, we find that the vast majority of COVID-19 patients did not require artificial ventilation, but the mortality rate among those needing intubation remained high. These data suggest that improving the skills of healthcare workers can contribute to reducing mortality rates through early intervention and transferring the necessary knowledge to handle patients with mild to moderate conditions.
In low-resource countries, nurses and other healthcare providers must adapt to difficult conditions. However, they face significant challenges due to a lack of vocational training in managing critical cases. Thus, there has been recognition that enhancing the core skills of healthcare providers is a potential solution for improving patient outcomes and consequently succeeding in managing health crises.
Shifting Towards Digital Education and Mitigating Misinformation
With the spread of inaccurate or misleading information during the pandemic, there was an urgent need, according to the World Health Organization, to provide reliable data. This was a reflection of an information pandemic, which significantly affected the public’s understanding of the virus’s dimensions and how to deal with it.
To enhance training and elevate competency levels, open online education programs were developed in late 2020, targeting healthcare providers in low-resource countries. These platforms can help ensure rapid access to up-to-date information and serve as trusted knowledge sources that caregivers need. Through these programs, healthcare workers can access educational materials specifically designed for their needs, granting them the ability to learn according to their personal schedules and specific needs.
In addition to the educational framework, there is an urgent need for strategies to make these training materials engaging and easy to understand. The focus on developing short educational content and key points using illustrative images helps facilitate effective communication with caregivers, especially those working in rural or remote environments. This reflects the importance of theory-based education that supports self-directed learning, providing learners with the opportunity to set their educational goals and manage their time effectively.
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Online Training Courses
After the launch of the online course, data were collected from participating learners to assess its effectiveness. This included analyzing changes in knowledge and self-confidence among participants. By administering pre- and post-course surveys, the level of knowledge was measured, and final exams were conducted to identify differences in understanding and practical ability.
Given the broad participation, with an increase in the number of course registrants, there was a notable increase in understanding and knowledge among healthcare workers. Analyses showed a significant improvement in test scores, suggesting that online training courses are effective in enhancing knowledge and changing clinical practices. Furthermore, feedback and comments from participants contributed to improving the educational experience.
Regarding the different backgrounds of learners, the analysis also showed that there were variations in understanding and confidence based on the type of provider and country. This reinforced the findings that educational gains are not equal for all participants, necessitating further focus on tailoring training materials to suit the diverse needs of health services in various settings.
Achieving Significant Improvements in Knowledge
Data show that participants in the educational course demonstrated significant improvement in knowledge levels upon completion. The results indicated that the average pre-test scores were 52%, while the average post-unit test scores reached 74%, and 78% in the final exam. This improvement reflects the difference in knowledge gained before and after the course, with a difference of 23% for pre-course tests and 26% for the final exam, with strong statistical significance
p < 0.001
.
The improvements were not limited to doctors only, but also included non-physician staff and students, indicating the effectiveness of the course in enhancing the knowledge of all participant categories.
When looking at the differences between high-income and middle-income countries, the results showed that participants from low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) achieved improvements equivalent to or even higher than their counterparts in high-income countries, reflecting the unique challenges that these trainees may face in their local contexts.
Furthermore, this information provides additional value to entities seeking to improve global health education programs, as details regarding knowledge levels represent important analytical tools for evaluating and developing program effectiveness in the future.
Success Factors in Course Completion
Multivariable analyses show that participants from low- to middle-income countries were more likely to complete the course compared to learners from high-income countries. Course completion rates were similar among doctors, nurses, and students, but lower rates were observed among other healthcare workers and non-workers. Additionally, the results indicated that female participants and those aged 40 to 59 were less likely to complete the course compared to individuals under 39 years old.
This data contributes to understanding the behavioral and environmental factors that affect program completion, providing valuable insights for program designers aiming to better meet learners’ needs. Self-motivation and increased awareness of the importance of continuous education may be among the key factors influencing participants’ success in completing such courses.
Evaluation of Course Outcomes from Learners’ Perspective
After completing the course, notable improvements were found in learners’ confidence in caring for patients infected with the COVID-19 virus, as well as their personal assessment of training adequacy and access to information related to the virus. 92.5% of participants indicated that they would recommend their colleagues to enroll in this course, reflecting a high level of confidence in the course content and its practical applications.
Self-assessment is a powerful tool for understanding the impact of educational programs, particularly in health crisis contexts, where learners’ attitudes may be shaped by their personal experiences and urgent practical needs, necessitating a focus on content design and delivery that meets their expectations.
The Importance of Timely Learning During Health Crises
Timely learning is considered a vital tool for improving patient outcomes and protecting the health workforce during crises. The wide availability of online educational resources, such as massive open online courses (MOOCs), demonstrates how these educational plans can facilitate the exchange of vital information and train healthcare workers in environments that desperately need accurate and effective knowledge.
For example, the lessons provided during the Ebola virus outbreak contributed to building a knowledge base among healthcare workers, reflecting how online education can enhance responses to future health crises. The utilization of smartphone technology has made access to online training easier, enabling swift and widely distributable training without overburdening limited local resources.
Challenges and Limitations in MOOC Training
Despite the success achieved, there are several limitations that must be considered. One of these limitations is the challenges associated with information overload, where it was difficult to develop widely accepted educational materials that contained actionable information that changes rapidly. Keeping up with information and updating content requires significant effort and coordination among various health organizations.
Additionally,
Despite the positive documentation related to enhancing knowledge in the short term, it is essential to measure the impact of continuing education in the long term to assess tangible improvements in clinical performance and patient outcomes. Continuing to learn and update knowledge after completing the course will help reduce issues of knowledge decay and increase the effectiveness of direct healthcare.
Open Online Education and Its Impact During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Open online education, especially Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), saw a significant transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic. These courses were an effective tool in empowering healthcare workers in low and middle-income countries to access new knowledge and develop their skills. High enrollment rates and a quality learning experience offered healthcare professionals unique opportunities to learn how to manage and assist patients infected with the coronavirus. However, there are still challenges related to access to these courses, especially in rural or isolated areas where internet connectivity is limited or unavailable. This highlights the need to consider alternative educational frameworks and provide courses in multiple languages to achieve maximum benefit.
Challenges to Accessing Education in Poor Countries and Rural Areas
The issue of access to education is complex in many areas, especially during health crises. In low-income countries, many healthcare workers may live in remote areas where internet access is severely lacking. This makes online educational courses, including MOOCs, less effective. Therefore, it is essential to offer diverse alternatives, such as in-person or hybrid education, to make learning available to those who cannot access modern technology. Utilizing mobile educational platforms or delivering courses on mobile devices can have a significant impact on increasing access to education.
Education Strategies and Training for Healthcare Workers
Core educational strategies include providing healthcare workers with the necessary knowledge on how to handle epidemics and infectious diseases, such as education on prevention and infection control. Additionally, strategies include specialized courses directly related to handling epidemic cases, how to recognize symptoms, and manage care. These courses may stand out for their high quality, where the MOOCs platform represents an effective means to educate professionals and enhance their knowledge levels, for example, by teaching doctors and nurses how to conduct diagnostic testing and early treatment.
The Importance of Ongoing Research and Development in Health Education
The need for ongoing research on the impact of education on clinical outcomes is vital. Despite the noticeable progress in increasing healthcare workers’ knowledge, there is a need to understand how to translate this knowledge into actual improvements in patient care. It is important to study how training programs affect care standards and field performance. Additionally, continuous learning contributes to the development of programs that address existing educational gaps, leading to tangible improvements in the quality of health services provided to both patients and workers.
Conclusion: The Role of Open Education in Dealing with Future Epidemics
Open online education represents a vital pathway for facing future epidemics. By providing rapid and unified education in areas of new and advanced knowledge in healthcare, the level of mortality and suffering can be reduced. This means there is still an urgent need to enhance the use of these educational platforms, while considering the need to provide information in a more inclusive and effective manner. Strengthening the global response to health crises requires the concerted efforts of all concerned countries and communities to ensure that the necessary knowledge benefits everyone, especially in poor countries.
Impact
The Pandemic on Resources and Critical Care
The pandemic has had a profound impact on healthcare systems worldwide, with medical resources, particularly critical patient care, in severe shortage. The demand for intensive care units, beds, and medications has increased unprecedentedly. Hospitals play a critical role in the healthcare system, and as virus cases rose, critical points in healthcare services became a subject of intense debate and scrutiny. In the United States, for example, New York City’s public healthcare system was rapidly expanded to meet the rising needs, with three new field hospitals opened and 11 hospitals equipped as emergency facilities to direct necessary healthcare.
Medical spaces were affected not only by logistical challenges but also by human factors. For instance, healthcare providers faced challenges in adapting to the physical and mental strain caused by long working hours, a shortage of protective equipment, as well as sudden changes in treatment protocols. Studies have also shown significant disparities in the availability and geographical distribution of resources, with mortality rates rising dramatically in rural communities comprising diverse ethnicities, such as Black or Latino populations.
Using Technology to Face Healthcare Challenges
Hospitals and medical entities seized the opportunity of technology to tackle the healthcare crisis during the pandemic. Smartphone applications, such as contact tracing apps, were used to assist health authorities in tracking the virus’s spread. Furthermore, online training courses provided education and training for health personnel worldwide, improving preparedness and response to pandemics. New platforms, such as iGOT in India, were developed to train healthcare workers, demonstrating the importance of continuous education and adaptability to emergency conditions.
Additionally, the gathering of big data and digital analytics played a significant role in improving health system responses. Data analysis was used to identify risk areas and distribute resources more efficiently. Online open courses (MOOCs) were also developed for medical professionals, helping them acquire necessary skills more quickly. These developments reflect the necessity of technological innovation in the modern era, which has become essential for providing effective healthcare.
Challenges Facing Healthcare Providers
Healthcare providers face multiple challenges during the pandemic. Among the most prominent challenges is the psychological and physical strain resulting from long working hours and a high number of patients in intensive care units. Studies indicate that many healthcare workers suffer from feelings of anxiety and depression due to their continuous exposure to critical cases, negatively impacting their mental health. The shortage of protective equipment was also one of the greatest obstacles, leaving them vulnerable to contracting the virus.
Moreover, healthcare workers require ongoing training to keep up with rapid changes in treatment protocols. New protocols may require substantial understanding of available medications and treatments, making it essential to have a sustainable system for training and knowledge sharing. Research advises the establishment of mechanisms to support healthcare providers both psychologically and professionally, as their mental and physical health plays a pivotal role in the quality of care provided to citizens.
Healthcare Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
International experiences show that low- and middle-income countries faced significant challenges in providing an effective response to the pandemic. There were difficulties related to access to necessary treatments and medications, in addition to a significant shortage of equipment needed to care for COVID-19 patients. Research focused on assumptions that there were constraints related to economic capabilities, leading those countries to be unable to import the treatments and care supplies needed to combat the virus.
Also
Studies have shown that there are cases of disparities in the distribution of vaccines and treatments, where many countries have been unable to secure their fair share of vaccines due to limited global availability. In contrast, high-income countries have topped the list of nations with first access to necessary health resources. It is evident that social justice and the importance of partnerships between countries have become urgent to alleviate health pressures during these challenging times.
Source link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1395931/full
Artificial intelligence was used ezycontent
Leave a Reply