In the world of renewable energy, one of the major challenges is improving the efficiency of solar cells. Recent research indicates that the materials used for light harvesting play a vital role in enhancing this efficiency. This article focuses on the development of small titanium dioxide (TiO2) spheres with a high surface area, integrated with nanoscale gold (Au) particles, to create photonic electrodes with a higher capacity for light absorption, resulting in a significant improvement in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Through this study, we will explore how these innovative materials contribute to increasing the effectiveness of solar energy conversion, highlighting the experimental methods and notable results achieved, paving the way for more sustainable and efficient energy technologies.
Materials Used to Improve Solar Cell Efficiency
Materials capable of light harvesting are essential for enhancing the efficiency of solar cells, including dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which have historically achieved good performance using simple manufacturing methods and low costs. Small high surface area spheres made from titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been developed, in addition to being combined with anisotropic gold (Au) particles to enhance light absorption capability. The surface area of TiO2 spheres is equivalent to 125 square meters per gram, allowing for increased dye loading, thereby improving light absorption efficiency in the solar cell device.
Small TiO2 spheres (ranging from 150 to 300 nanometers) have better light scattering capabilities, increasing light absorption, and the integration of gold particles facilitates simultaneous coupling with the full spectrum of surface plasmon resonance phenomena, enhancing photon collection. The TiO2 structure consists of a network of connected nanoparticles that support charge generation and transport, providing numerous sites necessary for dye absorption and ensuring effective electronic pathways.
All these developments indicate that research into the use of new optical materials can lead to reasonable outcomes in the field of solar cells, making it a major focus of interest among researchers.
Manufacturing Techniques Used in Developing Solar Energy Devices
The process of manufacturing TiO2 spheres involves complex techniques that ensure the enhancement of required properties to boost solar cell performance. A microwave-assisted synthesis method was utilized, which is a more sustainable approach for environmental conservation and uses less toxic materials. Gold particles were mixed into a pre-solvent of titanium glycolates in varying weight percentages, enhancing the light absorption capability of TiO2 spheres.
Notable improvements in light harvesting capability were achieved through the use of fine TiO2 and silicon spheres, with control over the solar cell response thanks to the diversification of adding gold particles. The additions demonstrated how larger particle size impacts the resulting likelihood of light absorption, ensuring photon collection over a longer duration.
The use of novel nanomaterials and a keen focus on studying and understanding the light response of these materials are two key methods for reducing the cost of solar energy and enhancing the efficiency of the devices used.
Improved Performance of Solar Cell Devices
The energy conversion efficiency of the developed devices was measured, showing remarkable results. The optimal devices containing gold particles at a 1.3 weight % achieved a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 7.7%, representing a significant improvement of up to 60% compared to the cell made from conventional nanoparticles (P25) and regular TiO2 particles, which had an efficiency of 4.71%. Previous results also indicated improvements in solar cell performance due to the creation of micro-structured networks that provide surface area increases for the added dye absorption capability, alongside enhancing electron transfer within the cells.
The model
Au_MTS reflects the effective integration of light scattering and charge generation technologies in accelerating energy conversion processes. Experiments and measurements have shown a reduction in problems associated with light energy loss and opened new horizons for high-efficiency solar cell technologies.
Importance of Research in Solar Cell Development
The findings suggest the necessity for sustainable research in advancing solar energy technology. The increasing demand for renewable and non-polluting energy sources calls for investment efforts in improving the efficiency of existing devices and considering new models that mimic technological advancements. These studies are not only important from a scientific perspective but also require support from decision-makers and industrial bodies to help transform this research into practical applications.
Expanding the understanding of how different materials impact light absorption efficiency requires greater investment in research and development. The vortex between laboratory experiments and the need to address energy issues alongside rising conventional energy costs is the fundamental reason driving scientists towards sustainably developing solar energy systems.
Structural Properties of MTS and Au_MTS Materials
The MTS and Au_MTS materials possess unique structural properties that contribute to their superior performance in solar energy applications. Images taken using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of MTS and Au_MTS samples show well-connected nanocrystals with sizes ranging from 7 to 8 nanometers. These small sizes reflect results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, confirming the homogeneity and crystallinity of the materials. These nanostructures are associated with good electrical conductivity, supported by images that reveal lattice vacancies indicative of the crystalline structure of the material.
These materials are obtained through a precise preparation process that makes them suitable for use in solar energy systems. The increased surface area and the presence of a connected network indicate strong potential for light absorption and electronic transport efficiency. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and BET surface area analysis show that the prepared materials possess good crystallinity, sub-micronic size, and high surface area, indicating their substantial capacity for light absorption within specific ranges.
Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on Light Absorption
The effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on MTS materials is an important aspect of enhancing optical absorption. Spectra from UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) indicate that the absorption peak broadens and shifts towards longer wavelengths in the presence of gold particles. An increase in AuNP concentration leads to an inhibition of light activity on the material, as aggregation affects the absorption value and thus enhances the effectiveness of the completed nanostructures.
For instance, in solar cells made from Au_MTS, an absorption peak around 550 nanometers is observed, indicating the correlation between light absorption and the effectiveness of side effects in nanometals. This phenomenon enhances the system’s ability to harness light, augmenting its capacity as photonic mirrors to improve energy generation.
Moreover, there is an absorption effect resulting from local interactive phenomena when using AuNPs, which in turn enhances the capability of MTS to absorb light more effectively. Spectrum-matching particles can absorb photons more efficiently due to the impact of the oxide’s heparin effect.
Performance of Solar Cells Using Au_MTS
Significant performance improvements have been achieved by combining MTS material with AuNPs, as solar cells made using these materials exhibit a marked increase in light conversion efficiency. The short-circuit current density (Jsc) measured from these solar cells was 11.19 milliamperes per square centimeter, considered an improvement compared to traditional cells.
When
Increasing the concentration of Au in MTS, solar cells experienced a gradual increase in current density Jsc, reaching its highest value with a concentration of 1% by weight (Au-MTS-3) at 14.96 milliamperes per square centimeter. This increase reflects the effect of improved light absorption resulting from the presence of gold nanoparticles and its impact on the charge transport from the solar cells, contributing to the efficient functioning of the solar cell.
The data indicates an increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the solar cells based on Au-MTS, with an efficiency of up to 7.7%, representing an improvement of approximately 40% compared to conventional MTS cells. These results confirm the added value of nanocomposite technology in the development of high-efficiency solar cells, contributing to the sustainability of renewable energy sources.
The Interaction Between Au_MTS Components and Its Impact on Performance
The mechanism by which AuNPs improve the performance of MTS relates to the interaction between gold and other molecules in the system. Energy transfer is facilitated thanks to the surface reflections generated by the nanoparticles, which enhances the potential of the materials as solar cells. This property also enhances the effectiveness of energy storage and the efficiency of the materials used.
Analysis of the results makes it clear that light absorption is not limited to the flexibility of materials but requires coordination between the optical properties and the chemical treatment of the materials. These configurations enhance the ability of the particles to interact with light, elevating their efficiency as true light mirrors. Thus, it can be said that advancements in nanomaterials processing provide new levels of efficiency in the design and use of solar energy materials.
Future research trends are moving towards improving new materials and finding more efficient interactions, integrating other elements that may contribute to enhancing these phenomena, suggesting a promising future for renewable energy sources.
Technologies Used to Improve the Efficiency of Thin-Film Solar Cells
Solar energy cells are one of the leading solutions for obtaining renewable energy, and with the increasing demand for solar energy harnessing technologies, improving their efficiency emerges as a primary goal of scientific research. This technology relies on the use of various materials such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance the performance of solar cells. In this context, new Photoanode membranes have been developed based on a mixture of TiO2 and Au, contributing to more effective conversion of solar energy into electrical energy.
The first step in improving the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is enhancing light absorption. The incorporation of Au nanoparticles facilitates this through a phenomenon known as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which allows for localized enhancement of the electric field. This enhancement leads to increased interaction between the incoming light and the dye molecules adhered to the TiO2 surfaces, thus improving the short-circuit current (Jsc) and overall quantum efficiency (QE).
For instance, the performance of solar cells using traditional TiO2 membranes like P25 was compared with those using membranes integrated with AuNPs. Studies showed a noticeable increase in quantum efficiency (QE) across the entire visible spectrum for these new cells, demonstrating their high capacity for light capture. Although MTS (which relies on TiO2) has a higher surface area, Au_MTS cells exhibit superior performance due to SPR effects, raising questions about how to organize these structures to achieve the best properties.
The Impact of Nanotechnology on Electrical and Chemical Properties
Nanotechnology is a key driver in modern science, especially in the fields of renewable energy. In solar energy cells, nanostructures contribute to enhancing electrical conductivity between various molecules. When AuNPs are integrated with TiO2, a cumulative effect occurs that enhances charge transfer. For example, the porous structure of the composite provides an ideal environment for the effective loading of dyes, thus boosting the accumulated energy.
Considering
Regarding electrical behavior, it has been recognized that the introduction of AuNPs leads to significant improvement in the electric dynamics of systems. Circuits containing Au_MTS demonstrate lower resistance and an increase in the level of charge carriers. This not only results in enhanced efficiency but also contributes to sustainable performance over the long term.
This is achieved by linking AuNPs to solar dyes, ensuring the compression of different charges in a shorter time. This has been proven through comprehensive studies that confirmed the positive impact of using Au in increasing the efficiency of various solar cells, especially under low light conditions where solar cells require additional support for effective performance.
Specific Experiments and Classifications of Solar Cells
The experiments consisted of several stages beginning with the preparation of the raw materials. Advanced research methods, such as quantitative efficiency analysis and spectral measurements, were utilized to analyze material properties through different preparations. For example, Au_MTS films were prepared with less than 1 wt% Au, and their results were compared with traditional films.
When compiling data from these experiments, Au_MTS cells were able to achieve energy conversion efficiencies of about 7.7%, which is considered an improvement of between 40% to 60% compared to conventional cells. This quantitative improvement in efficiency clearly confirms that the introduction of nanoparticles represents a revolution in the field of solar energy cells.
Similarly, the mechanical and thermal properties of these composite materials will be studied to understand how they interact with different conditions such as heat and humidity, which is crucial in understanding their capability to maintain good performance. Such innovations are not only a qualitative leap for scientific research but also represent the next phase in our journey towards sustainable energy.
Future Prospects and Research Needs
Highlighting the importance of improving the efficiency of solar cells requires exploring more materials used, such as the potential integration of additional nanomaterials to enhance energy cell performance. In this regard, future research should focus on studying how different nanoparticles interact with each other and how they can contribute to improving the overall charge collection.
New technologies like DSSCs allow for the generation of clean energy, opening new avenues for research and commercial projects. The applications of these cells can contribute to many uses, from mobile electrical systems to their integration with buildings as part of renewable energy integration technologies.
There is an urgent need for more studies directed towards the mechanistic understanding of how nanomaterials function in the design and production of solar cells. More research should focus on improving the properties of the materials used, as the success of these innovative projects heavily depends on communication between stakeholders and researchers to achieve the stated goals.
Renewable Energy and the Importance of Solar Cells
Renewable energy is considered one of the fundamental solutions to address environmental challenges and meet the growing energy demands. One of the most prominent forms of renewable energy is solar cells, specifically dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These cells represent an innovative solution for harnessing light energy using non-toxic materials at low cost, contributing to environmental sustainability. DSSCs are characterized by their easy manufacturing process and rapid recovery of the energy expended in their production, in addition to their high capability to operate under indirect lighting conditions.
Over the years, efforts have been focused on improving the performance of these cells through various strategies, such as using innovative nanomaterials and modifying the structural composition of the materials used. For example, the efficiency of DSSCs is improved by enhancing the conductivity and cell permeability properties of the dyes. The fundamental idea is to increase the surface area for light interaction and charge transfer efficiency, leading to overall improved solar cell performance.
Structure
Nanostructures and Their Importance in DSSC Cells
Nano-sized titanium oxide (TiO2) structures are among the most commonly used materials in DSSC cells, playing a vital role in light absorption and electron transfer. Traditionally, TiO2 nanoparticles have a nanometer size of about 25 nanometers; however, it has been observed that these particles suffer from inefficiency in absorption due to increasing grain boundaries and recombination points. Therefore, hierarchical and specifically shaped structures have been adopted to improve light interaction and enhance solar energy performance efficiency.
Nano-structured materials can enhance the efficiency of DSSC cells in several ways. For instance, the nanoscale dimensions increase the available surface area, facilitating the dye absorption process. Additionally, the optical properties of nanometals help improve light scattering within the material, increasing the likelihood of light absorption through the arrangement of nano-points. The goal is to achieve a balance between increased surface areas of the cells and efficient charge distribution through the development of new structures.
Performance Enhancement Using Plasmonic Particles
Nano-plasmonic particles, such as silver, are increasingly used to enhance the performance of DSSC cells. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects increase the light absorption and transmission properties of dye molecules. Plasmonic particles are incorporated into titanium oxide structures to enhance the efficiency of solar cells. It is important to realize that when light interacts with plasmonic particles, strong electric fields are generated in the surrounding areas, facilitating light interaction and contributing to increased efficiency in converting solar energy into electrical energy.
As a result, numerous studies have been presented highlighting the advancement of using plasmonic particles as a means to improve the performance of DSSC cells. Various synthesis methods have been used with precise control to determine the nanoscale of these particles, resulting in new materials that significantly enhance the efficiency of optical energy utilization.
Future Challenges and Prospects for Developing DSSC Cells
Despite the significant progress made in the field of DSSC cells, there are still many challenges facing this technology. One of the most prominent challenges is achieving long-term stability and high reliability of the cells under different weather conditions. Additionally, the materials used require extensive research regarding chemical compatibility and ease of manufacturing. Therefore, the need to develop new fields of nanomaterials and innovative plasmonic colonies is crucial to ensure the effective performance of DSSC cells.
The promising prospects for developing these cells lie in exploring the mixture of different nanomaterials and their distribution. A significant improvement in performance is expected through the integration of various hybrid materials, including oxides and metals. Furthermore, ongoing research is likely to contribute to designing cells that combine the advantages of continuously innovative approaches to meet the increasing demand for renewable energy and reduce environmental impacts.
Developing Solar Cells Using Modified Titanium Nitride
Solar cells are among the latest innovations in renewable energy, aiming to provide clean and sustainable energy sources. Conductive materials, especially titanium oxide, play a vital role in improving solar energy conversion efficiency. Recent research represents a significant advancement in utilizing various forms of titanium oxide, specifically titanium nitride oxide (MTS), developed through advanced synthesis techniques such as microwave-assisted synthesis. These processes make the material more efficient in light absorption and electron transport, enhancing the overall performance of solar cells.
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance in Precious Nanoparticles
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is a phenomenon that occurs when light interacts with metallic nanoparticles, leading to a significant increase in their light absorption ability. Numerous studies, such as those conducted by Atwater and Polman, confirm the ability of precious nanoparticles, such as silver and gold, to enhance the efficiency of solar cells by improving light absorption. Specifically, recent research has shown that introducing gold nanoparticles in various shapes into the design of MTS enhances the effectiveness of this phenomenon, leading to significantly improved solar cell performance.
Mechanism
Improved Performance and Efficiency of Solar Cells Made from MTS
Designs of MTS-type materials incorporated with gold nanoparticles with varying loadings have been focused on. Observations noted that increasing the gold loading in the material led to significant improvements in cell performance. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) was estimated to reach about 60% when using high-loading gold nanoparticles, compared to conventional systems such as P25 titanium dioxide.
Material Analysis Techniques and Their Properties
Advanced analytical techniques such as ultraviolet and X-ray spectroscopy and electron microscopy studies were used to understand the structural properties of MTS materials. The results showed that LMTS exhibits good crystalline properties and that the crystal size is approximately 7.5 nanometers, making it suitable for loading large quantities of light-absorbing dyes that enhance cell efficiency. SEM and TEM analysis showed that MTS nanoparticles form interconnected structures, facilitating efficient electronic transport.
Optical Performance Analysis of Solar Cells
The effectiveness of solar cells heavily relies on their ability to absorb light. Results showed that the use of MTS in photoanodes not only increased the active surface area but also provided precise control over light absorption across a wide spectral range. Rayleigh scattering techniques were used to understand how nanoparticles can enhance the optical path length, increasing the likelihood of photon absorption. The results indicate that modified materials offer notable improvements in specific absorption ranges, reflecting the benefits of using MTS with nanoparticles.
Future Applications and Research Directions
Recent research on MTS materials and the mechanism of action of gold nanoparticles opens new horizons for solar energy applications. By enhancing the properties of the base materials, these innovations could lead to the development of more efficient and effective solar cell technologies, contributing to global sustainable energy goals. Ongoing research is required to study the effects of material composition and the use of new materials that enhance performance to meet future energy needs.
Improving Light Absorption in Au_MTS Based Photoanodes
Photoanodes made from Au_MTS rely on improving light absorption to increase optical efficiency. Light absorption in these anodes outperforms traditional MTS-based anodes, indicating higher effectiveness in energy generation. This improvement is attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect caused by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This involves the LSPR energy matching the optical absorption energy of the MTS material, facilitating the energy transfer process between the gold nanoparticles and dye molecules. This process not only enhances light absorption but also boosts light emission, contributing to the overall efficiency of the system.
Furthermore, electrons can transfer from the nanoparticles to the dye molecules through physical contact between them, also enhancing the absorption process. These effects support increased light path length within the anode, leading to an overall improvement in light absorption. These techniques have created enhancements in the system’s ability to absorb light, improving the effectiveness of both the anode and the solar cell as a whole.
Design and Configuration of the Photoanode Using Au_MTS
The manufacturing process of the Au_MTS photoanode employs advanced techniques such as the dip-coating method. The resulting film has a thickness of approximately 9 micrometers, enhancing good contact with the tin-coated glass substrate. The composition features various shapes of beads (150-200 nanometers) and high porosity, facilitating effective dye loading. Spectroscopic analysis is used to reveal the distribution of nanoparticles in the anode, showing a uniform distribution of nanoparticles within the main structure of the solar energy device. This configuration enhances optical density and allows for greater light absorption due to the significant increase in available surface area.
It is considered
These structural characteristics are essential for increasing the efficiency of the anode in converting solar energy into electrical energy. Nanoparticles like AuNPs enhance light harvesting through their photonic effects, making the anode more adept at meeting modern energy demands. This advanced design supports practical applications in renewable energy fields and shows excellent potential for using nanomaterials in manufacturing more efficient solar cells.
Performance of Au_MTS-based Solar Cells
The electrical performance of Au_MTS-based solar cells was measured through J-V curve analysis, where significant changes in current capacity and energy conversion efficiency were recorded with increasing loading of gold nanoparticles in the MTS material. With the increased ratio of gold nanoparticles, the solar cells achieved an efficiency of up to 7.7%, demonstrating improvements of about 40% compared to MTS-only based cells. These results allow for observation of the strong relationship between gold loading and absorption capability, which plays a crucial role in generating charge carriers.
Further analyses confirm the aspects of improvement in Au_MTS-based systems, where light absorption efficiency and photonic scattering contribute to enhanced charge generation. This interplay between nanoparticles and anode parts illustrates how energy conversion can be significantly improved. Successful cells emerge as effective tools for harnessing light energy, contributing to fostering innovations in the future of renewable energy.
Understanding the Impact of LSPR on Photonic Efficiency
A profound understanding of the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and how it influences photonic efficiency opens up vast horizons for developing solar energy technologies. The abilities of gold nanoparticles to improve light absorption are considered a key discovery in this field. This dynamic plays a significant role in the efficiency of solar cells, contributing to improving the conversion efficiency from the light source to usable electrical energy.
The LSPR effect enhances light pathways, making solar cells more capable of effectively absorbing the electromagnetic spectrum. Au-based systems benefit from this effect across different optical ranges. By optimizing this composition, researchers gain tools to push the efficiency of optical systems to new levels, improving the competitiveness of their technologies within the global solar energy market.
Future Applications and Uses of Nanomaterials in Solar Energy Cells
It is clear that there is tremendous potential for using nanomaterials such as Au-MTS in solar energy fields. These innovations stimulate research activities and open new doors for diverse applications in alternative energy technologies. The good performance of these materials in solar energy cells demonstrates their potential use in developing other technologies, including applications in catalysis and various chemical processes.
The practical application of these materials in areas such as solar-powered street lighting and the development of personal energy devices can be enhanced. Solar cells made using Au-MTS represent a new threshold that offers higher efficiency and solutions to traditional problems related to renewable energy sources. This trend will, of course, require further research and development to improve performance in various real-life scenarios.
Nanoparticle Synthesis and Titanium Dioxide
The process of manufacturing nanoparticles is a key element in improving the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. The process began with the formation of a white precipitate upon combining certain reagents, indicating the formation of titanium glycols. Next, the mixture was re-blended for twenty minutes to allow the materials to interact, after which it was left to settle for an hour. Following drying, the resulting white precipitate was used to generate porous beads of titanium dioxide. This is done by processing a specific amount of the aggregated material in a mixture of water and ethanol under certain reactive conditions in a microwave device, helping to achieve good enhanced porous characteristics of titanium particles. This approach to nanoparticle synthesis contributes to enhancing light capture efficiency in solar energy cells.
Composition
Analysis of Composite Materials of Titanium Dioxide and Gold
The procedure involves a step for manufacturing gold nanoparticles using chemical methods, where a solution containing gold chloride is reduced using specific polymers. This method is an effective approach for obtaining irregularly shaped particles, which can later be used in the production of titanium dioxide-gold composites. The process includes adding varying amounts of these gold particles to the composition of titanium dioxide with coordinated chemical treatments, ultimately leading to the formation of composite spheres composed of gold and titanium. This type of composite material can enhance the performance of solar cells by improving the efficiency of the photoreaction.
Manufacture of Customized Solar Cells Using Nanocomposites
The technique of placing particles on the treated glass substrate is a vital step in the manufacture of customized solar energy cells. A specific technique of gravure printing with adhesive tape as a protective layer has been used to determine the required thickness. After forming the films, a thermal curing process in an oven is conducted to produce both stability and high efficiency. After curing, the films are immersed in an N719 dye solution, an important component for enhancing the cells’ light absorption capacity. A cleaning process is then performed to remove any excess dye, enhancing cell efficiency. The success of this process relies on the precision of execution and the efficiency of the components used, which is reflected in the quality of the final solar cells.
Analytical Techniques Used to Measure Solar Cell Performance
Performance analysis is one of the important aspects in evaluating the effectiveness of solar cells. These studies depend on measuring the absorption spectrum of the manufactured materials using techniques such as ultraviolet and visible light. A highly defined light source is applied to measure the materials’ response under varying lighting conditions. Photoconversion efficiency analysis allows for the measurement of the materials’ ability to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Many researchers rely on these values to determine the success of previous processes and the quality of the manufactured materials. These measurements also assist in improving the optical dynamics of solar cells, which could lead to enhanced overall performance.
Funding and Academic Collaboration in Research
The data extracted from this research indicates the necessity for financial support and academic projects to enhance the development of scientific research. The project was funded by the Science and Engineering Authority in India, highlighting the importance of collaboration between academic and industrial institutions. Additionally, the presence of research fellowships plays a vital role in supporting students and researchers in the fields of renewable energy and sustainable development. This collaboration helps foster innovations and contributes to the development of new technologies aimed at improving the efficiency of solar cells. The lessons learned from these projects also demonstrate that teamwork and knowledge sharing are fundamental elements in achieving advanced research goals.
Source link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/materials/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1457325/full
Artificial intelligence was used ezycontent
.lwrp .lwrp-list-container{
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{
display: flex;
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-double{
width: 48%;
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{
width: 32%;
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{
width: calc(12% – 20px);
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-item img{
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
object-fit: cover;
aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-item.lwrp-empty-list-item{
background: initial !important;
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,
.lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{
}@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
.lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{
}
.lwrp .lwrp-title{
}
}.lwrp .lwrp-description{
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{
flex-direction: column;
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container ul.lwrp-list{
margin-top: 0px;
margin-bottom: 0px;
padding-top: 0px;
padding-bottom: 0px;
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-double,
.lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{
width: 100%;
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{
justify-content: initial;
flex-direction: column;
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{
width: 100%;
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){
}
.lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,
.lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{
}
};
}
Leave a Reply