Cervical aggressive fibromatosis is a rare and intermediate condition among tumors, characterized by its invasive growth that may lead to worsening health conditions for the patient. Although many cases have been reported, aggressive fibromatosis arising from the muscular space of cervical structures remains a significant subject of research interest, particularly in light of diagnostic and treatment challenges. In this article, we review a recently diagnosed case at the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University, where the outcomes from clinical examinations and imaging to surgery and the subsequent healing process are followed. We will delve into an in-depth analysis of the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, contributing to an enhanced clinical understanding of this rare condition and emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Recognizing Aggressive Fibromatosis
Aggressive fibromatosis, also known as desmoid tumor, is a rare type of intermediate tumor described by its invasive growth. It represents a condition in which such tumors develop from fibroblasts in deep soft tissues. Investigating cases of aggressive fibromatosis, particularly those located in the neck region, is crucial for a precise understanding of its clinical and radiological features. In this context, the importance of early detection and immediate treatment emerges, especially in sensitive areas like the neck, where physicians face challenges in diagnosis and management of these tumors.
Medical literature indicates that aggressive fibromatosis in the head and neck region represents less than 6-8% of overall cases; however, the recurrence rates of this type of tumor are higher than those of other types in other regions. This type of tumor poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, as symptoms may present with nonspecific details, complicating the ability to achieve an accurate diagnosis. The invasive characteristics and rapid growth of aggressive fibromatosis make it difficult to diagnose, and doctors often misidentify its condition or miss the diagnosis entirely. Therefore, the significance of these tumors lies in the necessity of fully understanding them, beginning with their clinical characteristics and followed by treatment strategies.
Case Presentation of Aggressive Cervical Fibromatosis
In a case report, an aggressive cervical fibromatosis was documented in a 36-year-old woman. The patient experienced an increase in the size of a tumor in the left neck over the course of a year, with a mass measuring 5×6 cm identified during examination. The symptoms she experienced, such as the mass and neck pain, were noted as nonspecific symptoms typically confused with more common conditions. However, after a series of ultrasound and X-ray examinations, the presence of a tumor in the lower region of the trapezius muscle was documented. The potential diagnosis was considered within a category of tumors such as schwannoma.
Despite this, upon follow-up, the patient returned to the hospital after some time, where the mass had increased in size and changed its radiological characteristics. An MRI scan was performed, which showed distinctive features, with areas of low signal inside indicating collagen properties, suggesting the likelihood of fibromatosis. This presentation underscores the need for meticulous examination and early diagnosis to ensure positive treatment outcomes.
Diagnostic and Treatment Methods for the Tumor
Guiding treatment for aggressive fibromatosis requires precise strategies that consider the tumor’s properties and location. It is essential for treatment strategies to be flexible and adaptable to the unique characteristics of each case. In this instance, surgical excision of the tumor was conducted after a series of examinations, including MRI imaging. The procedure presented operational challenges, as it was necessary to remove the tumor completely without affecting surrounding tissues and vital nerve structures.
During
Surgery was performed, and the response to the procedures was precise, with the tumor successfully removed. There was some mixing in certain areas of the tumor, but the excision was done carefully, reflecting the importance of surgical experience and skill in managing these cases. Post-surgery procedures were followed that contributed to enhancing recovery and reducing complications. Drainage tubes were inserted to relieve pressure and facilitate healing after the operation, highlighting the importance of proactive care.
The Future Direction in Treating Aggressive Fibromas
The medical community must prepare to face the challenges of treating aggressive fibromas through continuous research and development. As technology advances, physicians should adopt modern imaging and diagnostic methods such as stereotactic imaging and advanced MRI techniques. It is also important to enhance collaboration among specialists in radiology, surgery, and patient care to ensure accurate diagnoses of various similar cases.
Furthermore, raising awareness among doctors about clinical practices related to aggressive fibromas is essential to improve healthcare. The cognitive load on doctors and practitioners in healthcare settings requires continuous education and holding interactive scientific seminars to discuss complex cases and exchange experiences. This will enable them to improve treatment strategies and reduce misdiagnosis rates in future cases.
Ultimately, understanding the characteristics of aggressive fibromas and developing effective methods for diagnosis and treatment is the cornerstone for improving patients’ quality of life and alleviating health burdens. Continuous collaboration between researchers and health professionals will boost innovation and increase awareness about this type of tumor, which is needed in modern medicine for the benefit of patients and society at large.
Surgical Procedures and Their Outcomes
A surgical operation was conducted to remove a mass in the left neck area, and the procedure was successfully completed with no complications, with only about 20 ml of blood lost during the operation. After the surgery, the patient received intravenous injections of the antibiotic, cefuroxime sodium, to prevent infections. Dressings were changed regularly by the medical team, which is an important procedure to maintain cleanliness and prevent infections in surgical areas. After 13 hours post-surgery, the drainage tube under the skin drained a total of 88 ml of light reddish fluid, which decreased to 34 ml after 24 hours, indicating continuous improvement in the condition. The drainage tube was removed after 48 hours, with special care provided to protect the area that was exposed to high pressure for 8 hours. Additionally, analgesic treatment was provided, including valproate acetate injections every 12 hours to manage pain. Histological examination confirmed the presence of tissue necrosis and cancer cells in the excised mass.
Laboratory Test Results and Histological Diagnosis
The histological analysis of the excised mass revealed that it contained spindle-shaped cells organized in bundles and swirling patterns, with elastic fibers present. Immunological tests showed a positive reaction for beta-catenin protein, which is a critical indicator in tumor diagnosis. Additionally, the results included partial positivity for desmin protein and SMA, indicating that the characteristics of the cancer cells matched those of aggressive fibromas. The cell proliferation rate was determined to be only 1%, and thus the results indicate the presence of aggressive fibromas in the neck area.
History of the Disease and the Natural Aggressiveness of Soft Tissue Tumors
Aggressive fibromas in the neck are recognized as a rare type of tumor, representing only 0.03% of all human tumors. Despite their rarity, the degree of aggressiveness and local tendencies of the deposits recorded in medical records suggest a high recurrence rate. The local recurrence rate of these tumors is more than 36%, which is significantly higher than recurrence rates in other locations. Most cases are detected in the abdominal area, with a limited number of soft tissue tumors in the head and neck. Aggressive fibromas typically arise from the connective tissues of muscles and surrounding tissues, increasing the likelihood of involvement of adjacent tissues and critical structures, thereby raising the risk of recurrence.
Challenges
Diagnosis and Treatment
The symptoms of aggressive fibromas vary widely, ranging from painful masses to masses that cause no pain, leading to significant challenges in the diagnostic process. Any abnormal swelling in the head or neck area requires thorough medical examination. Complications resulting from these tumors can include airway compression and facial deformities, necessitating urgent attention. During surgery, if the tumor is related to important structures such as blood vessels and nerves, this increases the risk of postoperative complications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential to confirm the examination and plan the surgery, as it provides a clear view of the tumor and its characteristics. Therefore, ensuring that appropriate diagnostic tests are conducted is a fundamental element in managing these cases.
Postoperative Follow-Up and Recovery
After surgery, close follow-up of the condition was conducted, revealing changes post-surgery through CT scans and MRI, such as swelling and the presence of gas in the surgical area. Following the evaluation on August 23, 2023, the patient was considered in good condition and referred back to the neurosurgery clinic for suture removal. The case was followed up 9 months later, where the patient reported no discomfort, and recent examinations showed no recurrences. This follow-up reflects the importance of continuous care and periodic assessment to ensure the tumor does not recur, thus highlighting the high value of postoperative patient care.
Future Prospects and Treatment Trends
Aggressive fibromas pose a significant challenge in treatment, as ongoing research to understand the genetic and biological foundations of these tumors is key to improving treatment outcomes. Studies suggest that genetic factors may play a significant role in the development of these tumors, and research may contribute to the adoption of advanced treatment systems. The lack of understanding of the biological pattern of these tumors and optimal treatment methods highlights the importance of continued research in this field. It is important for healthcare practitioners to raise community awareness about these tumors, as well as ensure accurate evaluations to understand similar cases precisely. Integrating traditional medicine with modern techniques may facilitate effective treatment of these cases in the future, ensuring a higher quality of life for patients.
Understanding Nerve Sheaths and Tumors
Schwannomas are a type of tumor that form from supporting nerve cells known as Schwann cells. These tumors arise regardless of their location, as they can be found in various body areas, but they are most commonly found in peripheral tissues and are usually benign. Considering the use of MRI as a primary diagnostic tool, subtle differences can be observed between pathological lower Schwannomas and fibromas. However, clinical factors and the patient’s medical history form an important part of the diagnostic process. Schwannomas have variable features that may affect treatment options and future outcomes.
Treatment of Aggressive Fibromas
When dealing with aggressive fibromas, surgery is the first treatment option, especially when the tumor boundaries are clear. Surgery may lead to complete recovery, but the presence of severe adhesions or multiple tumors may make surgery impossible. In those cases, multiple treatments such as radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or chemotherapy can be used either as primary or adjunctive treatments. For example, treatments such as methotrexate and vinblastine are effective in halting tumor growth. This diversity in treatment options allows for tailored patient follow-up and delays disease progression.
Challenges in Monitoring and Recurrence Tracking
Monitoring and treating recurrences in aggressive fibromas is essential, as the rate of recurrence is high, especially in the head and neck area. Relapses typically occur within the first two years after surgery, but they can occur at any time thereafter, making careful monitoring essential. Regular monitoring and periodic examinations help detect the return of the tumor early, providing an opportunity for early intervention. Early diagnoses show better outcomes through more effective treatment options, in addition to improving the patient’s health outcomes.
Lessons
Insights Gained from the Presented Case
The case presented in the report provides valuable insights into aggressive fibromas, as the tumor source was identified in the lower anterior muscular space of the left shoulder muscle. This discovery is rare in the medical literature and expands our understanding of the clinical manifestations of fibromas. The successful surgical treatment of such a case demonstrates the importance of accurate imaging and continuous monitoring. Nevertheless, future research should focus on expanding the sample size and increasing the follow-up period to evaluate the behavior of tumors more comprehensively, thereby enhancing the foundations of diagnosis and treatment in the future.
Important Conclusions for Clinical Treatment
This case shows that MRI can be complex in diagnosing aggressive fibromas, but specific signals such as non-central and non-enhanced areas represent significant markers. It is crucial for physicians to work on improving diagnostic tools and medical updates to provide the best treatment options for patients. Benefitting from the treatment of unique cases and the challenges they face is an essential part of medical science, as it helps build a larger database, enriching knowledge of clinical practices.
Tissue Cells and the Importance of Molecular Analysis
Contemporary medical information suggests that molecular analysis may play a critical role in diagnosing dystrophic tumors and complex health issues. Tissue cells are primary factors defining the formation of tumors in general, and specifically parasitic fibromas. The presence of certain mutations in the gene known as CTNNB1 can have significant effects on diagnosing these tumors. This will assist physicians in distinguishing between active and inactive tumors, facilitating patients’ access to appropriate treatment in a timely manner.
The importance increases when addressing parasitic fibromas, as these tumors tend to exhibit malignant characteristics, leading to significant challenges in early diagnosis and treatment of this condition. For example, the fibromas’ ability to grow aggressively may mean that early symptoms such as pain or unchanging masses may not be clear enough to apply effective treatments early on. Therefore, more accurate diagnostic strategies need to be developed.
In many cases, clinical studies reveal that precision medicine through molecular analysis and subsequent diagnostic methods can help physicians identify appropriate treatment strategies more accurately. For instance, in the case of tumors known for rapid growth, treatment options such as surgical resection or radiation therapy may be used, and molecular analysis may indicate that chemotherapy could also be beneficial.
Radiographic Features and Their Importance in Diagnosis
Radiographic features in tumor imaging and tissue diseases are an important topic in oncology, especially in the case of fibromas. Recent studies that have addressed MRI and X-ray imaging have provided valuable information on how to identify the type and location of tumors. In the case of fibromas in the neck, for example, it was observed that MRI could show complex details regarding the tumor’s borders, thus providing a clear view of how it progresses.
Through MRI, physicians can assess the size and appearance of the tumor, such as the presence of thin structures or surrounding tissues. This information helps determine whether resection surgery is possible without damaging vital tissues. Image analyses can also be used to assess treatment response as physicians continue to monitor changes at the tumor site through periodic imaging.
For example, in the case of a 36-year-old woman who was diagnosed with tumors in her neck, radiographic imaging was used to monitor the continuous growth of the tumor over a full year. Through this monitoring, the physicians were guided to determine that tumor resection might be the appropriate option given the increasing dimensions of the mass, underscoring the importance of radiographic imaging in managing and conveying information for treatment.
Factors
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-up Care
The factors of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care are critical in managing fibromas. This includes determining the appropriate timing for examinations, accurately responding to the patient’s response, and improving treatment outcomes through follow-up care. Thorough examinations play a significant role in ensuring that clinical decisions are made based on comprehensive data.
With advancements in technology and scientific research, healthcare providers must remain aware of the latest available treatments, including surgical excision, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Multicenter treatments, such as targeted drug therapy, are becoming increasingly common, providing additional options for patients. However, postoperative care remains essential to ensure the long-term effects of treatment are monitored.
For instance, in the previous case, doctors needed to closely monitor the patient after continuous surveillance and monitoring of her condition. This allows for understanding how the treatment affects tumor growth, as well as interacting with any early signs of potential recurrences that may occur in the future.
Future Challenges in Treating Fibromas
The challenges associated with treating fibromas necessitate continuous innovation in the medical field. By improving research methodologies and data collection, treatment techniques can evolve to be more effective. Moreover, the emergence of new research in genomics or targeted therapies represents renewed hope for practitioners and patients alike.
Furthermore, enhancing diagnostic methods may be considered an important avenue for improving patient care. Advances in these areas will lead to the development of more accurate screening tools, increasing the likelihood of early tumor detection. For example, developing computational models that predict disease progression may provide researchers and physicians with valuable information on how to interact with these cases.
Integrating comprehensive care, which focuses on the interaction between various healthcare services, can enhance the patient experience. Psychological support should be provided to patients and their families, in addition to careful follow-up after treatment. Ongoing scientific research conditions can contribute to providing therapeutic alternatives specifically and effectively targeting this type of tumor.
Case History and Initial Diagnosis
The story begins with a case of a woman in her thirties who experiences abnormal growth in the neck area. After an MRI on April 17, 2022, a mass was discovered beneath the levator muscle on the left side of the neck, which had not been present previously. It was found that the mass was growing slowly and showed negative signals on imaging, raising physicians’ concerns about the possibility of a schwannoma or fibroma. Schwannomas are characterized by their slow growth, but the changing nature of the tumor in this case cast doubt on the tumor’s diagnosis. By meeting and scrutinizing the patient’s case, the physicians were able to reach a closer diagnosis based on imaging insights and physical examination results. A fibroma, as described, is a rare type of soft tissue, possessing various characteristics that make it complex to identify and manage.
Surgical Procedures and Recovery
After confirming the condition, it was decided to perform surgery on August 16, 2023, to remove the tumor. General anesthesia was used, combining intravenous and inhalation anesthetics. The patient was placed in a supine position, and the surgeons began making an incision at the designated surgical site following the direction of the skin lines. The skin and subcutaneous tissues were cut to reveal the levator muscle, which was surrounded by other membranes. During the procedure, the tumor was found beneath and was described as having a firm texture with relatively clear margins. However, the associated tissues were found to require careful dissection to ensure complete tumor removal. The surgical area was cleaned after the tumor was removed, helping to prevent infection. During the recovery period, the patient received intravenous antibiotics to combat any potential chances of infection.
Results
The Disease and Histological Analysis
After the surgery, the excised sample was examined through histological analysis, which showed results indicating the presence of cancerous cells whose shape suggested it was an aggressive fibroma. The microscopic measurements of the tumor indicated that it required careful attention as it demonstrated infiltrative growth, meaning it was encroaching on the surrounding tissues. The results of the sliced tissues were verified using a variety of analytical tools, including special stains that help to detect cellular characteristics. Through positive analyses for certain surface receptors such as β-catenin, the tumor’s identity as an aggressive fibroma was confirmed. Surprisingly, the expressed protein ratio was 1%, indicating a limited but dangerous growth rate due to the aggressive nature of this type of tumor.
Complications and Postoperative Care
After the surgery, the patient experienced some complications such as fluid accumulation at the surgical site, which is common after major surgeries. The condition was closely monitored through drainage tubes that were necessary to remove excess fluids. Despite some initial discomforts, the patient showed rapid improvement with appropriate care. There was fluid accumulation 13 hours post-surgery, but the ability of the healthcare team to manage the situation effectively contributed to alleviating concerns. It was important to continue care post-surgery to ensure a swift healing process, aligning with modern techniques in postoperative care.
Future Prognosis and Follow-Up
After a period post-surgery, the patient was systematically followed up to ensure no relapse occurred. An MRI was performed shortly after the surgery to evaluate the surrounding tissues, and the results showed no abnormal accumulation, confirming the effectiveness of the surgical procedure. The doctors discussed a follow-up plan and the patient’s future prognosis, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring with regular check-ups. The patient who underwent surgery stated that she had an exceptional experience, and with no complications during the following months of monitoring, it was indicated that she could return to her normal lifestyle after signs of healing. The specific medical condition that women in their twenties and thirties may suffer from is considered rare, but it requires special medical attention due to the risk of relapse.
Medical Guidance and Education on Rare Diseases
It was clear that the mentioned medical case serves as a lesson on the importance of awareness of rare diseases like this, and how early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly change a patient’s fate. The doctors’ guidance focused on the necessity of regular examinations for any unusual mass in the body, especially in the neck area where there may be indirect consequences of this type of tumor. Although the disease presents itself infrequently, integrated care strategies including surgery, adjunct therapy, and postoperative management can lead to better outcomes. Histological analysis reflects an effective mechanism for post-injury care, facilitating the anticipation of treatment stages.
Diagnosis and Imaging using MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are vital tools in diagnosing aggressive fibromatosis (AF). MRI plays an important role in providing an accurate view of the tumor’s size, location, and its relationship to surrounding tissues, significantly aiding in surgical planning. The unique characteristics visible in imaging, such as low densities on T1 and T2-weighted images, suggest the presence of collagen fibers, which are critical traits in diagnosing AF. In the reported case, an initial ultrasound examination showed a hypoechoic mass in the inferior soft tissue of the left neck. However, the MRI conducted a day later displayed a mixed image of the tumor, indicating the complexity of the interaction between the tumor and surrounding tissues.
When
comparing this case between schwannomas and fibromatosis, it is essential to assess the situation comprehensively. Schwannomas tend to appear as soft masses with well-defined borders, while fibromatosis appears muscle-like on imaging. These distinguishing characteristics are crucial in differentiating between the two types. One of the particular challenges faced by physicians is determining the clinical and imaging indicators that aid in distinguishing between these conditions. Although the differences are subtle, patient history and clinical presentation must be relied upon to ensure accurate diagnosis.
Treatment Options and Surgical Interventions
The literature indicates that surgical excision is the first-line treatment for aggressive fibromatosis when the margins are clear. Complete excision is considered the gold standard; however, in the case of incomplete tumor removal or recurrence, multimodal treatments, such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy, may be necessary. In many cases, chemotherapy is preferred before surgery, especially in cases of fibromatosis in the head and neck region, where drugs like methotrexate and vinblastine are used to help inhibit tumor cell division.
In the case at hand, the soft mass in the neck was surgically excised, and neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy was used. The analyses at the 12-month post-surgery mark showed positive results with no tumor recurrence noted, reflecting the success of the improvements achieved through surgical intervention. It is of utmost importance for the case to be monitored periodically, given the potential for recurrence, especially since recurrence rates are typically high in cases of AF, but fortunately, AF does not spread to distant sites.
Monitoring, Follow-Up, and Future Expectations
The prognosis of aggressive fibromatosis varies among individuals. In most cases, relapses occur in the head and neck area within the first two years after surgery. However, there are also cases where recurrence may present at any time, ranging from a few months to more than ten years post-surgery. Therefore, continuous care and regular monitoring are essential elements to ensure early detection of any recurrences and to implement appropriate therapeutic measures. The case of the presented patient has recovered well after the operation without any complications, which bodes positively regarding treatment expectations.
The main topic deserving focus is the development of aggressive fibromatosis, particularly in the muscular space reported as a rare case of fibromatosis in the lower soft muscle area. This case contributes to expanding the body of knowledge regarding the clinical symptoms associated with AF, providing valuable insights into diagnosis and treatment. However, the report notes limitations regarding the short follow-up period, necessitating the collection of more samples and extending the follow-up duration to ensure a better assessment of tumor behavior.
Conclusions on Diagnosis and Treatment
While accurate diagnosis through magnetic resonance imaging is somewhat challenging, the areas of lower signal intensity representing collagen fiber characteristics are a key indicator to pay attention to. This case is considered a very rare one that opens new avenues for understanding the characteristics of aggressive fibromatosis, particularly in the muscular space designated for the upper neck. Successful and adequate surgical excision can lead to positive outcomes, but the importance of enhancing sample size and extending follow-up duration remains a fundamental subject for further future research. It is hoped that upcoming studies will contribute to enhancing the understanding of imaging differences among AF cases and their clinical expectations, thereby facilitating more effective diagnosis and treatment processes.
Causes and Factors in the Development of Desmoid Tumors
Desmoid tumors, also known as aggressive fibromatosis, are a type of non-cancerous tumor composed of fibrous tissue. The causes of their emergence are still not fully understood; however, studies have shown that several factors may contribute to their appearance. One of the main theories is its association with a genetic mutation in the CTTNB1 gene, which is responsible for producing a protein known as beta-catenin. This mutation leads to the accumulation of beta-catenin within cells, contributing to uncontrolled cell growth.
Along with
The genetic factor, there are also environmental factors and medical history that may increase the risk of occurrence. For example, desmoid tumors have been associated with an increased risk in individuals with a previous history of surgery, especially surgery in connective tissues. Additionally, women are considered more susceptible to desmoid tumors compared to men, indicating a potential hormonal effect that may play a role in this. Reproduction and female hormones, such as estrogen, may influence the growth of these tumors.
Lifestyle patterns and diet also contribute to the emergence of tumors. For instance, some diets rich in fats or sugars may increase the risk of occurrence. Chronic inflammatory conditions or autoimmune diseases may also play a role in the growth of aggressive fibromatosis. Repeated injuries or exposure to certain chemicals in workplaces or the environment could also be considered contributing factors in tumor development.
Diagnosis of Desmoid Tumors
Diagnosing desmoid tumors can be challenging due to the lack of clear symptoms in the early stages. Radiological examinations, such as X-rays or MRI, display the size and location of the tumors, but often a biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis. In the biopsy analysis, doctors can check for the presence of genetic mutations in the CTTNB1 gene to confirm the malignant nature of the tumors.
Symptoms that may indicate the presence of a desmoid tumor include a feeling of pressure or pain in the affected area, or difficulty breathing if the tumor is located in the neck or chest area. In some cases, the tumor can affect the movement of surrounding tissues, thereby causing discomfort. In advanced cases, airway narrowing may occur, requiring immediate medical attention.
Diagnostic methods require precise identification, as the tumor’s location, size, and the number of tumors within the body are determined. MRI is considered one of the main tools used, providing detailed views of the tissues surrounding the tumor and assisting in treatment plans. It is recommended that the affected individual undergo regular examinations for early diagnosis and to increase treatment success rates.
Treatment Options for Desmoid Tumors
When it comes to treating desmoid tumors, several options are available depending on the tumor’s size, location, and impact on surrounding tissues. In cases where tumors do not present clear symptoms, physicians typically follow a watch-and-wait approach, whereby the patient is regularly monitored, and treatment is provided as needed.
In more aggressive cases or those causing functional problems, surgical intervention is required. The procedure involves the complete removal of the tumor, which may require the removal of some surrounding healthy tissues to ensure it does not recur. It is noteworthy that the removal of desmoid tumors, due to their aggressive nature, may carry risks of recurrence.
Other treatment methods include radiotherapy, which is often used against rapidly growing tumors or when surgical access to the tumor is difficult. Chemotherapy has also been used in some cases, but its results in desmoid tumors have been variable. Certain drugs, such as methotrexate and vinblastine, are used as adjunctive therapeutic practices to reduce tumor size.
It is important to note that research is ongoing to develop new and effective treatments, including biological and experimental therapies targeting the tumor at the genetic level.
Source link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1458486/full
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