In 1981, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized, and by 1983, the causative agent was identified as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The development and distribution of antiviral treatment have reversed the devastating mortality rate. Despite significant progress, the epidemic is not over, and it is urgently necessary to renew global commitment to ensure the goal of controlling the epidemic by 2030 is achieved.
History of the Epidemic and Discovery of the Virus
In 1981, the world became aware of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a new condition particularly affecting young gay men in major cities in North America and Europe. Since then, we have documented about 80 million cases worldwide, resulting in the deaths of more than 35 million people, primarily in early months of life or in the prime of life. The virus causing this condition was named the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and was discovered in collaboration between Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and her former mentor Luc Montagnier in 1983 in Paris, France. They jointly received the Nobel Prize for “their discovery of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus” in 2008. In 1984, in Bethesda, USA, Robert Gallo and his team isolated the virus from a larger group of patients and linked the virus to AIDS. These studies and others launched decades of discoveries, global funding, and mobilization of civil society.
Advancement of Treatment and Future Challenges
The advancement and widespread distribution of HIV antiviral treatment have reversed the devastating mortality rates that occurred in the past. However, the epidemic is still far from over, and it is urgently necessary to renew global commitment to ensure the goal of controlling the epidemic by 2030 is achieved. Future challenges include increasing awareness and education about the epidemic and developing more effective, safe, and accessible treatments for everyone. Global efforts must also be strengthened to develop an effective HIV vaccine and enhance access to healthcare and social support for people living with the virus.
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