In this conversation, the political developments that Saudi Arabia has witnessed from 2016 to the present are addressed, with a clear mention of the radical changes in both foreign and domestic strategies. The speakers review how the Kingdom dealt with increasing challenges, including conflicts with Iran and Turkey, and how Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is trying to reform relations with major powers such as the United States through his new vision. The discussions cover the role of political and economic interests in guiding the Kingdom’s policies, and how the transition from periods of rivalries to periods of reconciliations and de-escalation in the political arena has occurred.
The influence of history on the present is also examined, starting from the reign of King Abdulaziz, through King Faisal’s era, to the current situation. The regional complexities, including the effects of wars and conflicts, form a core part of the discussion, highlighting how regional and international powers exploit mutual interests. The interlocutors summarize the complex issues facing Saudi Arabia and how it responds to internal and external needs, reflecting a comprehensive vision regarding the future of the Kingdom and its role in the region.
Radical Changes in Saudi Policy Since 2016
The period following 2016 is considered a major turning point in Saudi policy, revealing radical changes in the way the Kingdom addresses regional and international issues. Under King Salman, the young leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman represents a new vision aimed at reforming relations with neighboring countries such as Iran and Turkey, as well as with major powers like the United States. There was a clear desire to reach mutually beneficial agreements for all parties involved. This shift was not merely superficial changes, but reflected a deep strategy aimed at breaking the stagnation and conflict that the Kingdom had previously experienced.
For example, there were notable attempts to improve relations with Turkey, which were significantly affected after the events of 2016, as Saudi Arabia sought to enhance economic and political cooperation with Ankara. There were also intense efforts to repair relations with Iran, with the recognition that ongoing tensions in the region would only lead to further disturbances. At the same time, there was an affirmation that there was no other option but to continue confrontation if diplomatic efforts failed.
Regional Conflicts and Their Impact on Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia faced many regional conflicts over the past years, from the war in Yemen to tensions with Qatar. The Kingdom’s policy is primarily based on maintaining its internal stability and national security, which means that all regional movements have direct repercussions on its security. In Yemen, the Kingdom targeted the Houthis, whose movement is supported by Iran, leading to a bloody conflict that continues to this day. This war represents a significant test for Saudi leadership and its effective management of military and diplomatic resources.
Furthermore, there were attempts to ease tensions with Qatar after years of disagreement, reflecting the Kingdom’s desire to restore Gulf unity and work more coordinately with its neighbors. Despite this, challenges remain, as the underlying conditions that led to these conflicts have not changed, raising questions about the long-term effectiveness of these policies.
Historical Conflicts and Their Impact on Current Policies
Understanding the historical context of conflicts in the region is key to understanding current policies. The complex conflicts in the Middle East are the result of decades of tensions and political challenges, which have led every government, including Saudi Arabia, to follow strategies based on its past. In this context, both Iran, Iraq, and Turkey constitute critical elements in Saudi Arabia’s political equation.
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Turkey, under the leadership of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, is also seeking to gain influence in the region by supporting political Islamic movements. This rivalry between the two countries reflects the complex geopolitical conflicts, as each aims to expand its influence in areas such as Iraq and Syria.
الاستنتاجات
يمكن القول إن السياسة الخارجية للمملكة العربية السعودية في السنوات الأخيرة تعكس تحولًا كبيرًا في كيفية تعاملها مع الأزمات الإقليمية والدولية. من خلال اتباع نهج أكثر نشاطًا وتعددية في سياستها، تسعى السعودية إلى تعزيز دورها كقوة مؤثرة في السياسة الإقليمية. التحديات التي تواجهها المملكة من القوى الإقليمية الأخرى، مثل إيران وتركيا، تظل قائمة، مما يتطلب منها تطوير استراتيجيات جديدة للحفاظ على مصالحها وأمنها.
Like Iran, it has supported Islamic groups in the region, which has led to tensions with Saudi Arabia. Thus, in this context, we find that the regional conflict is not merely a political struggle, but also includes an identity and cultural conflict, where each country seeks to promote its own model of governance. These dynamics require Saudi Arabia to be cautious in its dealings with other countries such as Turkey and Iran, reflecting its concern over the growing Turkish and Iranian influence in the region.
Economic Policy and Its Impact on International Relations
Economic policy plays a key role in shaping international relations. In recent years, we have observed how the Iranian nuclear deal in 2015, which released around $100 billion of frozen Iranian assets, has increased Iran’s ability to support its militias in Iraq and Syria, significantly impacting the geopolitical landscape of the region. In this context, Saudi Arabia had no choice but to initiate “Operation Decisive Storm” in Yemen, to reduce security threats that could lead to a loss of control.
Furthermore, changes in economic relations indicate how countries react to crises. Saudi Arabia has a strong economic strategy aimed at achieving stability in the region. For example, through its membership in the “OPEC+” group, Saudi Arabia managed to play a key role in stabilizing oil prices, granting it additional leverage on the international stage. In this context, we find that Saudi Arabia seeks to restore its relations with major countries such as Russia and China, reflecting its ability to maneuver in times of crises.
Challenges of Domestic Politics
Saudi Arabia faces multiple internal challenges, especially with the rise of political Islam. Since 2016, the Kingdom, under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, has begun confronting political Islamic currents, which requires bold actions. These currents represent not only a political threat but also a social and cultural threat, necessitating that the state adopt policies aimed at maintaining its internal stability.
The steps taken by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman during his presidency indicate that he seeks to cleanse state institutions of corruption and promote Vision 2030, a plan aimed at diversifying the economy. This also requires confronting corruption that may affect his efforts to achieve sustainable development. This battle against corruption requires support from religious institutions that have historically been allied with the government, demonstrating that the struggle is not only for power but also for identity and sovereignty.
Analysis of the Current Situation and Future Trends
The region is undergoing rapid changes, with alliances continuing to shift based on strategic interests. In the coming years, we are likely to witness more cooperation between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iran, especially if these countries can find common ground. Political and economic transformations in these countries, along with external influences such as American or Russian intervention, will continue to shape the international relations landscape.
Moreover, global events such as the Russian attack on Ukraine may also impact energy policies and the economy in the Middle East. Environmental challenges and climate change will be additional factors pushing countries towards cooperation rather than conflict. Ultimately, the Middle East will remain a vital arena for political and economic changes, where countries will need to adapt to transformations to maintain their stability and interests.
Saudi-Iranian Relations
The relationship between Saudi Arabia and Iran is considered one of the most prominent political issues in the region, characterized by tension and a struggle for influence. In recent years, this relationship has undergone significant transformations, including historic agreements aimed at improving relations between the two regional powers. The latest agreement signed under China’s sponsorship reflects both parties’ desire to overcome past disputes and focus on economic cooperation. This cooperation could contribute to stabilizing the region as both countries have significant interests in areas such as energy and trade. For example, Iran is seen as a promising market for Saudi Arabia in terms of investment in oil and gas, while Iran needs economic partnerships to counter the sanctions imposed on it.
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The discussion also touches upon how these agreements affect the political situation in the region. There is concern that the improvement of relations between Riyadh and Tehran could lead to a shift in regional dynamics, including the role of the United States in the area. In this context, reports indicate that Saudi Arabia aims to reduce its dependence on the United States by strengthening its relationships with other powers such as China and Russia. This shift could create a new environment for cooperation in various fields, including security and economy.
Impact of Internal Conflicts on Regional Relations
Relations between countries in the region are significantly influenced by internal conflicts, especially in countries like Iraq and Yemen. In Iraq, for example, sectarian disputes emerge as a major obstacle to the stability of the country. There is a growing sentiment among Iraqi youth that they do not want to be trapped in the sectarian conflicts of the past. Rather, they seek to build a civil society that promotes national identity rather than sectarian identity. These changes in social consciousness may play a role in how Iraq interacts with its neighbors, including Saudi Arabia and Iran.
In Yemen, the situation remains complicated due to the ongoing conflict between the Houthis and the legitimate government. This has affected relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran, as Iran supports the Houthis while Saudi Arabia seeks to support the legitimate government. However, there are attempts at negotiation and dialogue, which could pave the way for more stable relations between these parties. For example, peace processes could reduce external interference in Yemen’s internal affairs, thereby enhancing regional stability.
Military and Economic Balances in the Region
The military and economic balances highlight the necessity of achieving stability in the region. Saudi Arabia, for instance, needs to bolster its defense capabilities to address potential threats while Iran seeks to enhance its position as a regional power. This tension could lead to an arms race, raising the levels of risk. However, the move towards peace and cooperation may provide an opportunity to ease these tensions.
Investments in infrastructure and economic project development are fundamental aspects that could influence these balances. Cooperation between Saudi Arabia and Iran in areas such as trade and energy could enhance the opportunities for stability. For instance, if the two countries manage to work together in the energy sector, it could improve their economic standing and increase the chances for peace in the region.
Saudi Mediation in Regional Crises
Saudi Arabia seeks to be an effective mediator in regional crises, especially amidst the escalating conflicts in the area. The Kingdom hopes to leverage its strong relationships with major countries like the United States and China to strengthen its role as a mediator. For instance, the Kingdom has used its influence to prevent escalation in long-standing conflicts, such as the dispute in Yemen and tensions in Iraq. This mediation is seen as a positive step towards achieving peace and stability.
Saudi Arabia is also working to enhance cooperation among Arab countries, hoping to rebuild relationships with its neighbors like Qatar and Bahrain. This move towards dialogue and understanding could contribute to creating a more stable environment in the region. If Saudi Arabia succeeds in finding common solutions with other countries, it will strengthen its position as a major supporter of peace in the Arab world.
Future of Saudi International Relations
In light of the global political and economic changes, it seems that Saudi Arabia is preparing to accept a new role in international relations. By improving its relationships with China and Russia, the Kingdom seeks to reduce its reliance on the United States. This shift means that Saudi Arabia is moving towards diversifying its international partnerships, which could lead to positive effects on security and the economy in the region.
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The future may also see changes in how Saudi Arabia deals with global issues such as climate change and human rights. With the ongoing economic and social transformations within the kingdom, new positions might emerge that align with global aspirations. This trend may reflect Saudi Arabia’s desire to become a key player in global diplomacy, enhancing its role in the international community.
The episode was summarized using artificial intelligence ezycontent
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